Unexplained anomalies were observed in the EEG data obtained during the production of the phenomena, and the normal curve of a random number generator also deviated significantly (p = 0.008) during the trials. EEG studies were performed with the subject at rest and also during the production of the phenomena. One experiment developed by William Crawford was repeated, although Crawford's results were not replicated. Although contactless movement of the table or other objects could not be achieved, muscular effort was ruled out as the cause of the observed movements. The subject was apparently able to move a table at will, through an alleged "PK force," and the phenomena were documented and recorded on several occasions. 23 meetings were held with a presumptive PK subject, identified in previous research. Various devices were assembled to measure physical, physiological, and environmental variables. Up to five video cameras were installed to record the events. Nevertheless, Chengery Pap’s extensive treatise remains of historical signifi cance in parapsychology and provides an instructive example highlighting diffi culties in studying physical mediums.īetween June 2014 and December 2015, a PK laboratory was organized in Buenos Aires. The authenticity of Lajos Pap’s phenomena thus remains questionable.
Research approach contained remarkable loopholes that devalue his eff ort to leave a supposedly objective report to posterity. Drawing from Fodor’s and also others’ observations, I demonstrate that Chengery Pap’s After presenting an overview on the book’s contents and some of the most remarkable phenomena described therein, I summarize the results of an experimental series performed with Lajos Pap by another Hungarian-born researcher, Nandor Fodor. One medium in particular, Lajos Pap, allegedly produced apports that ranged from solid objects, various liquids, snow, plants, ensembles of living insects, crawfi sh, to living vertebrates up to the size of a sparrow hawk. His book contains descriptions of some the most spectacular occurrences recorded in physical mediumship. He summarized his research in a voluminous but little-known Hungarian treatise that ranks among the largest monographs of experimental parapsychology written by a single investigator. The studies were conducted by Elemér Chengery Pap from 1928 to 1938 in Budapest. The present article introduces one of the few exceptions. Nevertheless, systematic investigations into apport phenomena have barely been performed. Physical mediumship is characterized by the occurrence of phenomena that seem to defy currently prevailing standard theories of physics, such as inexplicable movements of objects (macro-psychokinesis) and the seemingly unexplained materialization of objects, sometimes in closed spaces (apports).
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